Violent crime, especially directed against foreigners, has traditionally been uncommon, although in recent years there has been a modest increase. However, a number of anti-Western terrorist groups are believed to be active in India. Petty crime, especially theft of personal property, is common, particularly on trains or buses.

The legal system is based in part on English common law with separate personal law codes applying to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus. A unique feature of the Indian Constitution is the judicial system. A single integrated system of courts administers both union and state laws. The Supreme Court of India, seated in New Delhi, is the highest body in the entire judicial system.