A high proportion of Albania’s population lives in rural areas, amounting to 58% in 2001. However, since restrictions on freedom of movement were lifted in the 1990s, there has been a level of internal migration from rural to urban areas that is unprecedented in Albania. This has led to improvements and investments in the country’s infra-structure and transportation system.

There are now new highways in good condition linking all major cities although infra-structure remains poor in many rural areas. The railways are in dire need of investment and delays and cancellation are relatively common. There are, furthermore, no rail links with any of the neighbouring countries.

As of 2007 Albania has only one international airport: Tirana International Airport Nënë Tereza. The airport is linked to 29 destinations by 14 airlines.